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The Siege of Cádiz was a siege of the large Spanish naval base of Cádiz〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Spanish Ulcer: Napoleon, Britain, and the Siege of Cádiz )〕 by a French army from 5 February 1810 to 24 August 1812〔Fremont-Barnes 2002, p. 12–13.〕 during the Peninsular War. Following the occupation of Seville, Cádiz became the Spanish seat of power,〔.〕 and was targeted by 70,000 French troops under the command of the Marshals Claude Victor and Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult for one of the most important sieges of the war.〔Fremont-Barnes 2002, p. 26.〕 Defending the city were 2,000 Spanish troops who, as the siege progressed, received aid from 10,000 Spanish reinforcements as well as British and Portuguese troops. During the siege, which lasted two and a half years, the Cortes Generales government in Cadiz (the Cádiz Cortes) drew up a new constitution to reduce the strength of the monarchy (a constitution eventually revoked by Fernando VII).〔Noble 2007, p. 30.〕 In October 1810, a mixed Anglo-Spanish relief force embarked on a disastrous landing at Fuengirola. A second relief attempt was made at Tarifa in 1811. However, despite defeating a detached French force of 15,000–20,000 under Marshal Victor at the Battle of Barrosa, the siege was not lifted. In 1812, the Battle of Salamanca eventually forced the French troops to retreat from Andalusia, for fear of being cut off by the allied armies.〔Napoleonic Guide (''Cadiz 5 February, 1810 – 24 August, 1812'' ) retrieved 21 July 2007.〕 Defeat at Cádiz contributed decisively to the liberation of Spain from French occupation, due to the survival of the Spanish government and the use of Cádiz as a jump off point for the Allied forces.〔Rasor 2004, p. 148.〕 == Prelude == (詳細はNapoleon and the Russian Tsar Alexander I, and Napoleon saw the shared interests of Britain and Russia in defeating him as a threat. Napoleon's advisor, the Duke of Cadore, recommended that the ports of Europe be closed to the British, stating that "Once in Cadiz, Sire, you will be in a position either to break or strengthen the bonds with Russia".〔Napoleonic Guides (''Franco-Russian Diplomacy, 1810–1812'' ) retrieved 21 July 2007.〕 Soult and his French army invaded Portugal in 1809, but were beaten by Wellesley at Oporto on 12 May. The British and Spanish armies advanced into mainland Spain, however a lack of faith in the Spanish army forced Arthur Wellesley to retreat back into Portugal after Spanish defeats in the Battle of Ocaña and Battle of Alba de Tormes. By 1810, the war had reached a stalemate. Portuguese and Spanish positions were strengthened by Wellesley with the construction of the Lines of Torres Vedras, and the remainder of the Spanish forces was forced back to defend the Spanish government at Cádiz against Soult's Army of Andalusia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Cádiz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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